Higher Efficiency
“FCV keeps the lung open in a very smooth way”
Prof. Dr. med. Dietmar Enk
Inventor/Anesthesiologist/Intensivist, University Münster, Germany
Keeping the lung open – a key strategy to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications
Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs)
- Major cause of death after (non-) cardiothoracic surgery 9-12
- Lead to longer hospital stays and increased mortality rates 1-3,11,13,14
- Up to one in five patients who develops severe PPC dies within 30 days of surgery 3
- Incidence varies between surgical procedures:
– 5–10% after general surgeries 3,13,14
– 30–40% after abdominal and intrathoracic surgeries 1,3,13
– 87% after liver transplantation 15
Approaches to reduce PPC development
- Intraoperative desaturation, likely due to atelectasis and airway closure, is significantly associated with PPCs 14
- Current ventilation strategies aim to keep the lung open
– Using positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
– Using recruitment maneuvers - Diverging results from studies on patient outcome 23-30
- Ongoing trials evaluate strategies to effectively keep the lung open 31,32
FCV® is ventilation with higher efficiency
Improved regional ventilation in obese patients by FCV®
The first clinical study comparing ventilation of obese patients with FCV® vs VCV was published in BMC Anesthesiology by Weber et al. With comparable tidal volumes and lower peak pressures, FCV® better maintained end-expiratory lung volume as compared to VCV (P<0.001) during only seven minutes of ventilation, respectively. This strongly indicates that the constant expiratory flow during FCV®, in combination with an elevated mean intratracheal pressure, has a recruiting effect and may help to prevent atelectasis often occurring during ventilation of obese patients. Read article.
FCV® beneficial during one lung ventilation of COPD patient
A COPD patient undergoing open thoracic surgery for esophageal resection was successfully ventilated with Evone. Ventilation with FCV® led to very stable respiratory parameters: with an FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) of only 30%, an oxygen saturation of 99-100% was maintained throughout large phases of the intervention. The anesthetists appreciated the benefits of FCV®: “With conventional ventilation, usually an FiO2 of 80% would be required to reach comparable saturation.” Meanwhile, the surgeons were satisfied with the calm operation field: “It seems as if nothing is moving!”
FCV® adequately ventilated one lung in challenging patient case
Prof. Dr. med. Arnd Timmermann, Chefarzt Anesthesiology, DRK Kliniken Berlin | Westend und Mitte, Germany, used Evone in a special case of one lung ventilation. Surgical removal of a large thoracic wall tumor required ventilation of only the right lung, which was significantly reduced in size due to a previous medical condition. Using Tritube inside a double lumen tube, the right lung was adequately ventilated with FCV®, while the patient remained stable throughout the procedure. The surgeon: “Absolutely smooth movements of the ventilated lung and the heart, which does not disturb my operation field.”
FCV®– a new ventilation concept
- Is based on continuous inspiratory and expiratory flow 33
- Has no notable pauses during ventilation 33
- Aims for a linear increase and decrease in intratracheal pressure 33
- Has been applied clinically in more than 40 hospitals across 11 countries
- Has been applied successfully in multicenter observational study 37 and four randomized controlled trials (funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 691519) 38-41
FCV® by Evone
- Keeps the lung open by controlling the full ventilation cycle 35,36
- Results in better lung recruitment as compared to VCV 35,36,38,39
- Results in better aeration of the lungs as compared to VCV 35,36,39
- Provides higher ventilation efficiency as compared to VCV, evidenced by improved oxygenation and CO2 removal 35,36,40
- Reduces atelectasis in dependent lung parts as compared to VCV in porcine ARDS 36 and morbidly obese patients 39
References
- Mazo V, Sabaté S, et al. Prospective external validation of a predictive score for postoperative pulmonary complications. Anesthesiology. Anesthesiology. 2014 Aug;121(2):219-31.
- Serpa Neto A, Hemmes SN, et al. Incidence of mortality and morbidity related to postoperative lung injury in patients who have undergone abdominal or thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2:1007–15.
- Canet J, Gallart L, et al; ARISCAT Group. Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort. Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1338-50.
- Canet J, Sabaté S, et al. Development and validation of a score to predict postoperative respiratory failure in a multicentre European cohort: a prospective, observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32:458–70.
- Güldner A, Kiss T, Serpa Neto A, Hemmes SN, Canet J, Spieth PM, Rocco PR, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M. Intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: a comprehensive review of the role of tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, and lung recruitment maneuvers. Anesthesiology. 2015 Sep;123(3):692-713. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000754. Review. PubMed PMID: 26120769
- Weiser TG, Makary MA, et al; Standardised metrics for global surgical surveillance. Lancet. 2009;374:1113–7.
- Canet J, Gallart L. Postoperative respiratory failure: pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2014 Feb;20(1):56-62. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000045. Review. PubMed PMID: 24240985.
- Jammer I, Wickboldt N, Sander M, Smith A, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Leva B, Rhodes A, Hoeft A, Walder B, Chew MS, Pearse RM; European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM); European Society of Anaesthesiology; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Standards for definitions and use of outcome measures for clinical effectiveness research in perioperative medicine: European Perioperative Clinical Outcome (EPCO) definitions: a statement from the ESA-ESICM joint taskforce on perioperative outcome measures. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Feb;32(2):88-105. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000118. PubMed PMID: 25058504.
- Amar D, Munoz D, Shi W, Zhang H, Thaler HT. A clinical prediction rule for pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery for primary lung cancer. Anesth Analg. 2010 May 1;110(5):1343-8. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181bf5c99. Epub 2009 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 19861366.
- Rahmanian PB, Kröner A, Langebartels G, Özel O, Wippermann J, Wahlers T. Impact of major non-cardiac complications on outcome following cardiac surgery procedures: logistic regression analysis in a very recent patient cohort. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2013 Aug;17(2):319-26; discussion 326-7. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivt149. Epub 2013 May 10. PubMed PMID: 23667066; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3715168.
- Lawrence VA, Hilsenbeck SG, Mulrow CD, Dhanda R, Sapp J, Page CP. Incidence and hospital stay for cardiac and pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery. J Gen Intern Med. 1995 Dec;10(12):671-8. PubMed PMID: 8770719.
- Smetana GW, Lawrence VA, Cornell JE; American College of Physicians. Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification for noncardiothoracic surgery: systematic review for the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Apr 18;144(8):581-95. Review. PubMed PMID: 16618956.
- Khuri SF, Henderson WG, DePalma RG, Mosca C, Healey NA, Kumbhani DJ; Participants in the VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Determinants of long-term survival after major surgery and the adverse effect of postoperative complications. Ann Surg. 2005 Sep;242(3):326-41; discussion 341-3. PubMed PMID: 16135919; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1357741.
- LAS VEGAS investigators. Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: LAS VEGAS – an observational study in 29 countries. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017 Aug;34(8):492-507. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000646. PubMed PMID: 28633157; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5502122.
- De Gasperi Feltracco P, Ceravola E, Mazza E. Pulmonary complications in patients receiving a solid-organ transplant, Crit Care 2014; 20 (4) 411-419.
- McAlister FA, Bertsch K, Man J, Bradley J, Jacka M. Incidence of and risk factors for pulmonary complications after nonthoracic surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Mar 1;171(5):514-7. Epub 2004 Nov 24. PubMed PMID: 15563632.
- Kor DJ, Warner DO, Alsara A, Fernández-Pérez ER, Malinchoc M, Kashyap R, Li G, Gajic O. Derivation and diagnostic accuracy of the surgical lung injury prediction model. Anesthesiology. 2011 Jul;115(1):117-28. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31821b5839. PubMed PMID: 21694510; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3986041.
- Canet J, Gallart L. Predicting postoperative pulmonary complications in the general population. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Apr;26(2):107-15. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32835e8acd. Review. PubMed PMID: 23407154.
- Kor DJ, Lingineni RK, Gajic O, Park PK, Blum JM, Hou PC, Hoth JJ, Anderson HL 3rd, Bajwa EK, Bartz RR, Adesanya A, Festic E, Gong MN, Carter RE, Talmor DS. Predicting risk of postoperative lung injury in high-risk surgical patients: a multicenter cohort study. Anesthesiology. 2014 May;120(5):1168-81. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000216. PubMed PMID: 24755786; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3999474.
- Futier E, Marret E, Jaber S. Perioperative positive pressure ventilation: an integrated approach to improve pulmonary care. Anesthesiology. 2014 Aug;121(2):400-8. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000335. Review. PubMed PMID: 25050494.
- Riss S, Mittlböck M, Riss K, Chitsabesan P, Stift A. Intraoperative complications have a negative impact on postoperative outcomes after rectal cancer surgery. Int J Surg. 2014;12(8):833-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.003. Epub 2014 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 25014647.
- O’Gara B, Talmor D. Perioperative lung protective ventilation. BMJ. 2018 Sep 10;362:k3030. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k3030. Review. PubMed PMID: 30201797.
- PROVE Network Investigators for the Clinical Trial Network of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, Hemmes SN, Gama de Abreu M, Pelosi P, Schultz MJ. High versus low positive end-expiratory pressure during general anaesthesia for open abdominal surgery (PROVHILO trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Aug 9;384(9942):495-503. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60416-5. Epub 2014 Jun 2. PubMed PMID: 24894577.
- Treschan TA, Kaisers W, Schaefer MS, Bastin B, Schmalz U, Wania V, Eisenberger CF, Saleh A, Weiss M, Schmitz A, Kienbaum P, Sessler DI, Pannen B, Beiderlinden M. Ventilation with low tidal volumes during upper abdominal surgery does not improve postoperative lung function. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Aug;109(2):263-71. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes140. Epub 2012 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 22661750.
- Sundar S, Novack V, Jervis K, Bender SP, Lerner A, Panzica P, Mahmood F, Malhotra A, Talmor D. Influence of low tidal volume ventilation on time to extubation in cardiac surgical patients. Anesthesiology. 2011 May;114(5):1102-10. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318215e254. PubMed PMID: 21430518; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3500383.
- Unzueta C, Tusman G, Suarez-Sipmann F, Böhm S, Moral V. Alveolar recruitment improves ventilation during thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Mar;108(3):517-24. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer415. Epub 2011 Dec 26. PubMed PMID: 22201185.
- Severgnini P, Selmo G, Lanza C, Chiesa A, Frigerio A, Bacuzzi A, Dionigi G, Novario R, Gregoretti C, de Abreu MG, Schultz MJ, Jaber S, Futier E, Chiaranda M, Pelosi P. Protective mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery improves postoperative pulmonary function. Anesthesiology. 2013 Jun;118(6):1307-21. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829102de. PubMed PMID: 23542800.
- Futier E, Pereira B, Jaber S. Intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 7;369(19):1862-3. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1311316. PubMed PMID: 24195559.
- Park SH. Perioperative lung-protective ventilation strategy reduces postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracic and major abdominal surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2016 Feb;69(1):3-7. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2016.69.1.3. Epub 2016 Jan 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 26885294; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4754263
- Choi ES, Oh AY, In CB, Ryu JH, Jeon YT, Kim HG. Effects of recruitment manoeuvre on perioperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: A randomised single-blinded trial. PLoS One. 2017 Sep 6;12(9):e0183311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183311. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28877238; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5587235.
- Bluth T, Teichmann R, Kiss T, Bobek I, Canet J, Cinnella G, De Baerdemaeker L, Gregoretti C, Hedenstierna G, Hemmes SN, Hiesmayr M, Hollmann MW, Jaber S, Laffey JG, Licker MJ, Markstaller K, Matot I, Müller G, Mills GH, Mulier JP, Putensen C, Rossaint R, Schmitt J, Senturk M, Serpa Neto A, Severgnini P, Sprung J, Vidal Melo MF, Wrigge H, Schultz MJ, Pelosi P, Gama de Abreu M; PROBESE investigators; PROtective VEntilation Network (PROVEnet); Clinical Trial Network of the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Protective intraoperative ventilation with higher versus lower levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in obese patients (PROBESE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Apr 28;18(1):202. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-1929-0. Erratum in: Trials. 2017 Jun 1;18(1):247. PubMed PMID: 28454590; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5410049.
- http://prothor.info/doku.php
- English translation “Method and device for ventilating a patient”, D. Enk. Priority March 2016
- Wirth S, Springer S, Spaeth J, Borgmann S, Goebel U, Schumann S. Application of the Novel Ventilation Mode FLow-Controlled EXpiration (FLEX): A Crossover Proof-of-Principle Study in Lung-Healthy Patients. Anesth Analg. 2017 Oct;125(4):1246-1252.
- Schmidt J, Wenzel C, Mahn M, Spassov S, Schmitz HC, Borgmann S, Lin Z, Haberstroh J, Meckel S, Eiden S, Wirth S, Buerkle H, Schumann S. Improved lung recruitment and oxygenation during mandatory ventilation with a new expiratory ventilation assistance device: A controlled interventional trial in healthy pigs. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 Oct 35(10):736-744.
- Schmidt J, Wenzel C, Spassov S, Wirth S, Schumann S. Expiratory Ventilation Assistance during mandatory ventilation in porcine ARDS improves arterial oxygenation – a randomised controlled animal study [Abstract]. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 35 e-supplement 56: 7
- Schmidt J, Günther F, Weber J, Wirth S, Brandes I, Barnes T, Zarbock A, Schumann S, Enk D. Flow-controlled ventilation during ear, nose and throat surgery. A prospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. ePub 2019 Feb 5.
- Schmidt J, Günther F, Weber J, Wirth S, Schumann s. Improved airway management and ventilation with a cuffed endotracheal tube with an outer diameter of 4.4 mm for laryngeal surgery – a randomized controlled trial. Euroanaesthesia 2019, Abstract 3269.
- Weber J, Straka L, Schmidt J, Borgmann S, Wirth S, Schumann S. Flow-controlled ventilation improves end-expiratory lung volume in obese patients – a crossover controlled interventional trial. Euroanaesthesia 2019, Abstract 3315.
- Weber J, Schmidt J, Straka LMM, Wirth S, Schumann S. Flow-controlled ventilation improves oxygenation in mechanically ventilated lung-healthy patients – a crossover controlled interventional trial. Euroanaesthesia 2019, Abstract 3301.
- Kristensen MS, Abildstrøm HH. Endotracheal video-laryngoscope guided intubation with a 2.4 mm cuff’ed tube and active expiration by a dedicated ventilator versus a standard tube/ventilator. A randomized single blinded study in patients with a predicted difficult airway. – A paradigm shift in airway management? Euroanaesthesia 2019, Abstract 3755.
OUR Mission:
Let’s redefine ventilation.
Together, we question, we create, we care, we educate, we celebrate
Patient ventilation with minimal impact and maximal control
We are VENTINOVA.
Please sign up for our press mailings
LATEST NEWS
Symposium organized by Erasmus Medical Center
Erasmus Medical Center (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) is organizing a hybrid symposium on Flow Controlled Ventilation blowing away VILI.The event will be held on the 28th of October in Rotterdam but can also be watched online.For more information click...
SIGN UP FOR OUR NEWSLETTER:
CONTACT US
Ventinova Medical
Meerenakkerplein 7
5652 BJ Eindhoven (NL)
T. +31 (0)40 7516020
E. info@ventinova.nl
Chamber of Commerce: 58307834